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THE  JOHN  CARTER  BROWN 
LIBRARY 


UBRARY 
"University  oS  Califcmia^ 

IRVINE, 


THE  JOHN  CARTER  BROWN 
LIBRART 


THE  JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 
THE  DEDICATION  OF  THE 

LIBRARY  BUILDING 

MAY  THE  SEVENTEENTH 
A.D.  MDCCCCIIII 

With  the  Addresses  by  William  Vail  Kellen  LL.D. 
AND  Frederick  Jackson  Turner  Ph.D. 


Providence  Rhode  Island 
MDCCCCV 


z 


The  Merrymount  Press^  Boston 


CONTENTS 

THE  FOUNDATION  I 

ADDRESS  BY  WILLIAM  VAIL  KELLEN  15 

ADDRESS  BY  FREDERICK  JACKSON  TURNER  39 

THE  DEDICATION  59 


THE  FOUNDATION 


THE  JOHN  CARTER  BROWN 
LIBRARY 

JOHN  Nicholas  Brown,  son  of  John  Carter 
Brown,  was  born  on  December  17,  1861,  and 
died  on  May  1,  1900.  The  twenty-second  sedtion  of 
his  will,  dated  January  29,  1898,  read  as  follows : 
"  My  Bibliotheca  Americana,  otherwise  known  as 
"  the  John  Carter  Brown  Library,  conveyed  to  me 
"  by  my  mother.by  her  deed  dated  January  28, 1898, 
"  together  with  all  books,  manuscripts,  engravings 
"  and  maps,  and  the  bust  of  my  father,  conveyed  to 
"  me  by  said  deed,  and  together  also  with  all  the 
"  books,  manuscripts,  engravings  and  maps  bought  by 
"  me,  or  given  to  me,  from  time  to  time,  which  in  the 
''judgment  of  my  executors  may  be  useful  or  appro- 
"  priate  additions  to  said  Library,  ( most  of  said  books 
"  being  now  in  the  room  at  my  father's  homestead  in 
"  said  Provideiice  in  which  the  Library  is  placed,  and 
"  having  been  bought  as  additions  to  the  Library,  and 
"  having  always  been  considered  as  such),  a?id  in- 
"  eluding  also  any  future  additions  of  whatever  na- 
"  ture  which  I  may  hereafter  make  thereto,  I  bequeath 
"  to  my  said  brother  Harold  and  to  the  said  George 
''  JV.R.  Matteson,  and  to  the  survivor  of  them,  and 
"  other  the  Trustees  or  Trustee  under  these  trusts  for 

I   3l 


JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 

"  the  time  being,  all  hereinafter  referred  to  as  my 
"  said  trustees.  In  Trust,  within  four  years  after  my 
*'  death  to  give  the  same  to  a  Board  of  Trustees,  or 
"  to  a  corporation  specially  organized  therefor,  or  to 
"  some  college,  university  or  other  institution  in  said 
"  State  of  Rhode  Island,  or  in  any  other  of  the  United 
"  States,  competent  in  the  law  to  receive  and  hold 
"  the  same,  in  such  manner  and  upon  such  terms  as 
"  said  trustees  shall  deem  best,  but  so  that  such  gift 
"  shall  be  a  good  and  valid  gift  to  charitable  uses; 
"  it  being  my  wish  that  this  Library  or  colledlion  of 
"  books  shall  be  considered  a  memorial  to  my  father 
"  and  shall  bear  the  name  of  the  John  Carter  Brown 
"  Library,  and  shall  preserve  its  individual  identity 
"  as  a  whole,  and  even  if  placed  in  a  building  where 
"  there  is  already  a  library  that  the  books  of  this  my 
"  Library  shall  not  be  mingled  indiscriminately  with 
"  the  other  books  there,  but  shall,  so  far  as  pradticable , 
"  be  kept  together,  and  separate  and  apart  by  them- 
"  selves.  And  I  direSt  my  executor's  to  pay  to  such 
"  board  of  trustees ,  institution  or  other  corporation  so 
"  receiving  this  my  Library  the  sum  ofO?ie  Hundred 
"  a?id  Fifty  Thousand  Dollars  {$i  50,000  ),to  be  ap- 
"  plied  by  the  said  board  of  trustees,  or  by  the  directors 
*'  or  other  governing  officers  for  the  time  being  of  such 

[4] 


THE  FOUNDATION 

"  institution  or  corporation  in  the  purchase  of  a  lot  of 
"  land,  and  in  the  eredlion  thereon  of  a  building  for 
"  the  purposes  of  said  Library,  which  shall  be  thor- 
"  oughly  fire-proof  and  of  a  tasteful  and  appropriate 
"  style  of  architedlure ,  and  whose  design  shall  be  sub- 
"  mitted  to  and  shall  be  approved  in  writing  by  my 
"  said  trustees.  But  if  the  said  recipient  shall  then 
"  have  or  shall  fur  7iish,  a  lot  of  land  suitable  in  the 
"  uncontrolled  judgment  of  my  said  trustees  for  said 
"  buildi?ig,  the  whole  of  said  sum  of  One  Hundred 
"  and  Fifty  Thousand  Dollars  ( $i  50,000 ),  or  such 
"  parts  thereof  as  my  said  trustees  may  deem  best, may 
"  be  expended  in  the  eredlion  of  said  building.  And  I 
""^  further  will,  order  and  declare  that  if  the  zvhole 
"  of  said  sum  of  One  Hmidred  and  Fifty  Thousand 
"  Dollars  (|i  50,000)  shall  not  be  required  for  the 
^^  purposes  aforesaid,  the  balance  remaining  shall  fall 
"  into  and  form  part  of  my  residuary  personal  estate. 
"  And  if  the  recipient  of  said  gift  shall  already  have, 
"  or  shall  furnish  a  proper  lot  and  building  for  said 
"  Library  in  the  opinion  of  my  said  trustees  then  the 
"  whole  of  said  sum  of  One  Hundred  and  Fifty  Thou- 
"  sand  Dollars  ( $  1 50,000 )  shall  fall  into  and  form 
"  part  of  my  residuary  personal  estate.  But  if  said  re- 
"  cipient  shall  already  have  a  building  which  can,  by 

c  5  ] 


JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 

addition  thereto  or  repair  of  the  same,  be,  in  the 
opinion  of  my  said  trustees ,  made  available  for  said 
Library  y  then  such  portion  of  the  said  sum  of  One 
Hundred  and  Fifty  Thousand  Dollars  ( $i  50,000 ) 
as  my  said  trustees  shall  think  best,  may  be  applied 
in  such  additions  or  repairing,  and  the  rest  of  said 
sum,  not  required  for  such  purpose,  shall  fall  into 
and  form  part  of  my  residuary  personal  estate. 
And  I  further  order  and  diredl  my  executors,  at  the 
end  of  said  term  of  four  years  from  my  decease,  or 
earlier  in  their  discretion,  to  pay  to  such  board  of 
trustees, corporation,  college, university , or  other  in- 
stitution so  receiving  said  Library ,  the  further  sum 
of  Five  Hundred  Thousand  Dollars  (^500,000) 
as  a  permanent  endowtnent  trust  fund,  to  be  kept 
invested  separate  from  all  other  funds,  with  power 
to  change  the  investments  and  reinvestments  there- 
of at  discretion,  and  the  net  income  thereof  to  be 
applied  to  the  payment  of  the  salaries  of  a  special 
librarian  or  librarians,  for  this  collediion,  and  to 
the  expe?ise  of  the  insurance  of  the  same  and  of  said 
building  and  to  the  repairs  of  said  building  and 
other  necessary  expejises  attending  this  colledlion 
and  the  care  thereof,  and  to  the  purchase  of  books, 
as  additions  to  the  same,  and  to  the  support,  main- 

[6] 


THE  FOUNDATION 

"  tenance  and  increase  of  this  colleBioii  generally ." 

Harold  Brown  died  on  May  10^1900,  and  Robert 
Hale  Ives  Goddard  zvas  appointed  in  his  place  as  co- 
trustee for  the  Library  with  George  Washington 
Richmond  Matte  son .  After  careful  consideration ,  Mr. 
Matteson  and  Mr.  Goddard  as  such  Trustees  de- 
cided to  give  the  Library  into  the  keeping  of  Brown 
University y  and  an  indenture  was  entered  into  and 
sig7ied  by  the  parties  in  interest  on  December  30, 1 90 1 , 
which  set  forth : 

''  That  the  said  parties  of  the  first  part  \fhe  Execii- 
"  tors  of  the  will  of  Johi  Nicholas  Brown'2,  of  the 
"  second  part  \fhe  Trustees  under  the  twenty-second 
"  sediion  of  the  said  will^  and  of  the  third  part  [the 
"  Trustees  and  Fellows  of  Brow7i  University^ ,  each 
*'  in  consideration  of  the  coiitradts,  agreeme?its  and 
"  covenants  hereinafter  contained,  entered  into  and 
''  made  by  the  parties  of  the  other  parts  as  hereinafter 
^^  set  forth,  do  hereby  severally  contract,  agree  and 
"  covenant,  each  with  the  others  and  with  each  of  the 
"  others  and  with  their  successors  in  their  said  re- 
"  speStive  trusts,  and  the  said  party  of  the  third  part 
"  also  with  John  Nicholas  Brozvn,  the  son  of  the  Tes- 
"  tator  John  Nicholas  Brozvn  and  with  the  lineal  de- 
"  scendants  of  said  John  Nicholas  Brown,  son  of  the 

c  7] 


JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 

*'  Testator  John  Nicholas  Brown,  as  follows,  to  wit: 
"  First:  The  said  party  of  the  third  part  will,  so  soon 
"  as  possible  after  the  execution  of  these  presents  ,pro- 
"  vide  a  proper  lot,  to  be  seledled  with  the  approval 
"  in  writing  of  the  said  parties  of  the  second  part, 
*'  and  thereon  eredl  and  complete  a  suitable  building 
""^  for  the  reception ,  preservation  and  maintenance  of 
*'  the  said  *  Bibliotheca  Americana'  and  other  per- 
'*  sonal property  part  thereof  described  in  the  twenty- 
'*  second  clause  of  the  said  will,  which  lot  and  build- 
'*  ing  shall  fulfill  the  follozviiig  conditions: 
"  !"•  Both  lot  and  building  shall  be  owned  by  the 
''party  of  the  third  part  in  fee  simple,  and  shall  be, 
"  and  be  forever  kept,  unincumbered  by  mortgage  or 
"  other  lien  or  incumbrance  of  any  kind,  and,  in  con- 
''formity  to  the  provisio?is  of  the  said  twenty-second 
"  clause  of  the  said  will,  shall  be  held  in  trust  to  be 
"  occupied  and  used  by,  and  for  the  purposes  of,  the 
"  said  Library  and  any  additions  and  accretions  there- 
"  to,  under  the  management  of  the  committee  herein- 
"  after  provided  for ,  and  in  perpetual  trust  therefor 
"  unless  the  removal  of  the  said  Library  to  some  other 
"  building  elsewhere  located,  shall  at  any  time  be 
"  authorized  by  the  decree  of  the  Suprem.e  Court  of  the 
"  said  State  of  Rhode  Island  had  under  proper  pro- 

L  8  ] 


THE  FOUNDATION 

"  ceedings  to  that  end  upon  the  chancery  side  of  the 
"  said  court  f  to  which  all  proper  per  sons  shall  he  made 
"  parties,  such  other  building  to  he  construSted  in  the 
"  same  manner ,  and  to  he  used  for  the  housing  and 
"  purposes  of  the  said  Lihrary,  and  its  additions  and 
"  accretions  as  aforesaid,  and,  together  with  the  new 
"  lot,  to  he  held  free  from  incumbrance  and  upon  the 
"  same  trusts  in  all  respedls  as  are  herein  provided 
"  in  respedt  of  the  said  original  lot  and  building,  ex- 
"  cept  that  the  plan  and  design  of  such  new  building 
"  may  be  changed  with  the  approval  of  the  court. 
"  And  the  said  Library  with  its  additions  a7id  accre- 
"  tions  and  the  said  building  shall  be  kept  insured 
"  against  loss  or  damage  by  fire,  in  sound  and  respon- 
"  sihle  insurance  companies,  in  reasonable  and  proper 
"  amounts  to  be  determined  by  the  Committee  of  Man- 
"  agement  hereinafter  provided  for. 
a  Q»d.  j'j^g  iQf  ^ji^ii  jjg  qJ  sufficie7it  size  to  give  rea- 

"  sonable  assurance  of  ample  light  and  ventilation  to 
"  the  building  and  to  give  sufficient  vacant  space 
"  around  the  building  for  these  ends  afidfor  security 
"  against  danger  by  fire . 

"  S'"'^-  The  lot  and  building  shall  be  devoted  solely  to 
"  the  reception,  preservation,  maintenance  and  use 
"  of  the  said  ^  Bibliotheca  Americana'  and  other  per- 

l9   3 


JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 

sonal  property  part  thereof  described  in  the  said 
twenty-second  clause  of  the  said  will  and  of  any  ad- 
ditions which  may  be  made  thereto  and  of  any  ac- 
cretions thereto. 

4'^-  The  buildi7ig  shall  be  thoroughly  fire-proof  and 
shall  be  of  a  tasteful  and  appropriate  style  of  archi- 
tecture and  its  design  'and  the  material  of  which  it  is 
to  be  construSled  shall  be  submitted  to  the  parties  of 
the  second  part  and  by  them  approved  in  writing  be- 
fore the  construBion  of  the  building  shall  be  begun. 
And  the  said  party  of  the  third  part  from  and  after 
the  reception  by  and  transfer  to  it  from  and  by  the 
parties  of  the  second  part  of  the  said  *  Bibliotheca 
Americana'  ajid  other  personal  property  part  there- 
of and  the  reception  by  and  transfer  to  it  from  and 
by  the  parties  of  the  first  part  of  the  Five  Himdred 
Thousand  Dollars  ($500,000.)  ^  as  a  permanent 
endowment  trust  fund'  as  set  forth  in  the  said 
twenty-secofid  clause  xf  the  said  will,  will  forever 
thereafter  hold  said  ^Bibliotheca  Americana'  and 
other  personal  property  part  thereof  and  all  addi- 
tions and  accretions  thereto  made  and  to  be  made, 
i.  In  perpetual  trust  as  a  gift  to  charitable  uses  and 
as  a  special  library  separate  from  any  other  library 
of  any  kind,  general  or  departmental. 

1 10  ] 


THE  FOUNDATION 

"  a.  As  a  memorial  library  which  shall  bear  the  name 
"  of  ^  The  John  Carter  Brown  Library.' 
"  iii.  As  a  library  with  its  own  separate  and  special 
"  housing f  library  buildings  and  to  be  kept  separate 
"  and  distinSi  from  any  other  library,  with  a  special 
"  librarian,  or  special  librarians. 
"  iv.  Asa  library  of  reference  only,  not  as  a  library  for 
"  circulation.  Books  of  this  Library  shall  not  be  taken 
^'from  its  library  buildijig  except  by  permission,  in 
"  writing,  from  either  the  President  of  said  Univer- 
"  sity  or  from  any  three  members  of  the  Committee  of 
"  Management  of  the  said  Library  for  the  time  being. 
"  V.  As  a  library  to  which  all  proper  students  shall 
"  have  access  for  study  under  the  dirediion  of  its  li- 
"  brarian,  but  subjedl  to  such  rules  and  regulations  as 
"  the  Committee  of  Management  may  deem  proper, 
'*  vi.  The  care,  oversight  and  management  of  the  said 
"  library  and  building  shall  be  delegated  to  a  com- 
"  mittee  of  five  to  be  eleSted  by  the  Trustees  and  Fel- 
"  lows  of  the  said  University  for  such  time  and  in  such 
"  manner  as  they  shall  see  fit  and  with  such  powers 
"  and  duties  as  they  shall  from  time  to  time  invest  said 
"  committee  with,  and  the  members  of  such  commit- 
"  tee  need  not  necessarily  be  members  of  said  Univer- 
"  sity  corporation. 

C  "  1 


JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 

"  And  that  the  party  of  the  third  part  will  forever 

"  thereafter  hold  said  Five  Hundred  Thousand  Dol- 

"  lars,  ( ^500,000  )  except  as  hereinafter  provided, 

'''as  a  permanent  endowment  trust  fund  to  he  kept 

"  and  held  invested  separate  from  all  other  funds, 

"  with  power  to  change  the  investments  andreinvest- 

"  me?its  thereof  at  discretion '  as  provided  in  the  said 

"  twenty-second  clause  of  said  will,  and  will  apply 

"  the  net  income  thereof  solely  to  the  following  pur- 

"  poses,  to  wit; 

"  To  the  care,  maintenance,  repairs  and  other  neces- 

"  sary  expenses  of  said  lot  and  buildings; 

"  To  the  payment  of  the  salaries  of  a  special  librarian 

"  or  special  librarians  and  of  such  assistants  as  may 

"  be  required  for  said  library; 

*'  To  the  insurance  of  said  Library  and  building,  at  the 

"  discretion  of  the  Committee  of  Oversight  and  Man- 

"  agement; 

"  To  the  care  and  ?nai?itena?ice  of  said  Library ,  to  the 

"  purchase  of  additions  to  the  same,  to  make  accretions 

"  thereto,  and  to  the  general  support,  maintenance 

"  and  increase  of  said  Library." 

The  concluding  paragraphs  of  the  indenture  con- 
cern the  responsibilities  and  obligations  of  the  several 
parties  pending  the  completion  of  the  building,  and, 

C    12] 


THE  FOUNDATION 

with  the  exception  of  the  following  paragraph,  have 
710 permanent  interest: 

*'  Fourth :  As  the  design  of  the  testator  was  to  provide 
"  a  building  for  his  said  Library , and  to  endow  it  after 
**  it  had  been  placed  therein ,  the  said  parties  of  the  first 
"  part,  in  the  exercise  of  the  power  in  this  behalf  con- 
''f erred  upon  them  by  the  said  will,  do  hereby  agree 
*'  that  they  will,  upon  the  completion  of  the  said  con- 
*'  templated  library  building  and  the  placing  therein  of 
"  the  said  Library  ,a7idwithin  four  years  from  the  date 
"  of  the  death  of  said  testator  as  provided  in  his  will, 
^^  pay  and  transfer  to  the  said  party  of  the  third  part 
"  the  further  sum  of  Five  Hundred  Thousand  Dol- 
"  lars  ( ^500,000 )  as  a  permanent  e?idowment  trust 
''fund for  the  said  Library  as  set  forth  in  the  twenty - 
"  second  clause  of  the  said  will,  and  to  be  held  by 
"  the  said  party  of  the  third  part  [except  as  herein- 
"  after  provided)  in  perpetual  trust  as  set  forth  in 
"  the  said  clause  of  the  said  will  as  hereinbefore  pro- 
"  vided." 

The  Corporation  of  Brown  University  accepted  this 
gift  at  its  meeting  on  the  first  JVednesday  in  Sep- 
tember,1901.  At  the  same  meeting  the  Committee  of 
Management  for  the  John  Carter  Brown  Library, 
provided  for  in  the  above  agreement,  was  appointed, 

1 13  ] 


JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 

consisti7ig  of  the  President  of  the  University ,  Mrs. 
John  Nicholas  Brown,  Robert  Hale  Ives  Goddard, 
William  Vail  Kellen, and  Stephen  Ostrom  Edwards. 

John  Nicholas  Brown  hadinte7ided  to  erect  a  build- 
ing as  a  permanent  home  for  his  Library,  and  had 
caused  to  be  prepared  detailed  architectural  plans  and 
specifications  which  were  completed  and  approved  by 
him  shortly  before  his  last  illness.  These  plans  were 
adopted  by  the  Co?nmittee  of  Management,  with  the 
approval  of  the  Trustees  under  Mr.  Brown  s  will, 
with  such  mi?ior  changes  as  were  made  necessary  by  a 
different  location  and  the  substitution  of  institutional 
for  private  owmership.  This  Library  Building, which 
was  placed  by  the  Committee  with  the  approval  of  the 
Trustees  on  the  college  campus,  upon  George  Street 
opposite  Brown  Street,  was  completed  and  formally 
opened  on  May  17, 1904. 

The  Dedication  Exercises  began  with  an  academic 
processiojifrom  the  Administration  Building , through 
the  John  Nicholas  Brown  Memorial  Gate,  then  first 
openedto  the  public , into  S  ay  les  Memorial  Hall.  There 
the  Reverend  William  Herbert  Perry  Faunce,T>.  D., 
President  of  the  University,  presided  over  the  occa- 
sion, and,  after  an  invocation  by  the  Reverend  Henry 
Melville  King,  D.D.,  the  addresses  following  were 
delivered. 

1 14  ] 


ADDRESS 

BY 

William  Vail  Kellen,  LL.D. 

OF  THE  COMMITTEE  OF  MANAGEMENT 
A  TRUSTEE  OF  BROWN  UNIVERSITY 


THE  JOHN  CARTER  BROWN 
LIBRARY 

JOHN  Carter  Brown  came  fairly  and  natu- 
rally by  his  fondness  for  letters  and  for  printed 
books.  His  maternal  ancestor,  John  Carter, 
whose  name  became  an  integral  part  of  his  own, 
was  the  second  printer  in  Providence.  His  pater- 
nal grandfather,  Nicholas  Brown,  the  first  of  that 
name,  was  born  on  July  28, 1729,  and  was  a  de- 
scendant in  the  fourth  generation  of  Chad  Brown, 
the  friend  of  Roger  Williams.  This  Nicholas  Brown 
was  one  of  the  "  four  brothers,"  as  they  were  fami- 
liarly called  in  Providence,  one  of  the  founders  of 
Rhode  Island  College,  and,  in  a  modest  way,  was  a 
buyer  of  books.  It  was  he  who  made  the  earliest 
recorded  purchase  by  au6lion  for  the  Library  whose 
building  we  dedicate  to-day, — a  presentation  copy 
of  Judge  Samuel  Sewall's  "  Apocalyptica,"  printed 
in  Boston  in  1727,  which  bears  upon  the  cover 
the  quaint  memorandum  in  his  own  handwriting, 
"bo*  at  Dof^  Gibb's  vendue  July  1 769." 

His  son,  Nicholas  Brown,  the  second  of  that 
name,  born  April  4, 1 769,  was  a  graduate  of  Rhode 
Island  College  of  the  class  of  1 786,  and  became 
the  great  benefa6lor  of  the  College  which  after- 
wards assumed  the  family  name.  He  not  only 

c  17  ] 


JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 

caused  to  be  printed  and  aided  in  publishing  for 
free  distribution  Jonathan  Edwards's  Sermons, 
Doddridge's  "  Pra6lical  Discourses  on  Regenera- 
tion," and  "Christ's  Invitation  to  Thirsty  Souls," 
but  was,  besides,  a  colle6lor  of  old  sermons  and  of 
Bibles.  Doubtless  the  latter  were  the  germ  of  the 
fine  colle6lion  of  Polyglot  Bibles  in  the  Library  now 
engaging  our  attention,  beginning  with  the  Com- 
plutensian,  printed  in  1514-17  at  the  expense  of 
Cardinal  Ximenes,the  trusted  adviser  of  Ferdinand 
and  Isabella.  This  Nicholas  Brown,  immediately 
after  his  graduation,  showed  his  interest  in  the  Col- 
lege, and  in  education  as  promoted  by  books,  by 
presenting  it  with  a"  law  library  of  considerable  ex- 
tent and  value,  and  a  number  of  works  of  English 
literature  which  were  imported  at  his  own  ex- 
pense." In  1832  he  gave  ten  thousand  dollars  to- 
ward a  fund  which  made  the  present  College  Li- 
brary possible, and  again  in  1 834, for  its  housing, he 
ere6led  Manning  Hall  at  his  own  expense.  Nor  did 
he  restri6l  his  interest  in  books  to  the  gathering  of 
a  family  library  and  enlarging  that  of  the  College, 
for  we  find  him,  in  1 836,  joining  with  his  nephews, 
Moses  B.  Ives  and  Robert  H.  Ives,  as  representing 
their  father's  estate, in  conveying  land  and  in  giving 
money  for  founding  the  Providence  Athengeum, 
and  supplying  it  with  books. 

C  18  D 


Mr.  KELLEN'S  ADDRESS 

Nicholas  Brown,  the  third  of  that  name,  born 
06lober  2,  1792,  in  his  father's  lifetime  began  to 
build  up  a  colle6lion  of  rare  books.  Evidently  his 
tastes  outran  his  pocketbook  and  his  holdings  be- 
came burdensome,  for  we  find  him  offering  the 
books  thus  far  got  together  to  his  younger  brother 
for  the  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars.  The  passion 
for  buying  and  possessing  rare  books  hitherto  dor- 
mant in  this  younger  brother  was  stirred  within 
him  by  this  offer;  and  after  passing,  according  to 
his  own  testimony,  three  anxious  days  and  three 
sleepless  nights,  John  Carter  Brown  bought,  at  the 
price  named,  the  books  thus  tendered  him,  and  the 
Library,  soon  to  bear  his  name  and  by  the  wise  and 
filial  a6lion  of  his  son  always  to  bear  it,  came  into 
being. 

When  John  Carter  Brown,  who  was  born  Au- 
gust 28,  1797,  and  was  graduated  from  Brown 
University  in  the  class  of  1816,  had  fairly  entered 
upon  his  individual  career  as  a  colle6lor  of  rare 
imprints  and  of  choice  editions,  he  disclosed  quali- 
ties which  stamped  him  at  once  as  a  true  colle6lor 
and  as  a  great  colle6lor,  worthy  successor  of  those 
great  colle6lors,  Richard  de  Bury,  Grolier,  Ferdi- 
nand Columbus,  Count  d'Hoym  and  Earl  Spencer, 
worthy  competitor  of  our  own  James  Lenox. 

Your  true  colle6lor  of  books,  when  settled  to 

i:  19] 


JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 

his  work,  will  devote  himself  to  one  deliberately 
chosen  specialty  and  patiently  and  persistently  will 
secure  every  printed  specimen  relating  thereto, 
within  the  limits  of  his  financial  ability.  Says  Mr. 
Andrew  Lang,  "As  many  as  are  the  species  of 
rare  and  beautiful  books,  so  many  are  the  species 
of  colle61:ors."  He  may  not  be,  as  Mr.  Hill  Burton 
said  of  a  specimen  collector,  "  A  black-letter  man, 
or  a  tall  copyist,  or  an  uncut  man,  or  a  rough-edge 
man,  or  an  Early-English-dramatist,  or  an  Elze- 
virian, or  a  broad-sider,  or  a  pasquinader,  or  an 
old-brown-calf  man,  or  a  Grangerite,  or  a  tawny- 
Moroccoite,  or  a  gilt-topper,  or  a  marbled-insider, 
or  an  Editio-princeps  man ; "  but  he  will  have  an 
unsatisfied  ambition  for  books,  and  he  will  confine 
himself  to  limits,  and  within  those  limits  be  con- 
fined only  by  the  limitations  of  his  bank  account. 
He  may  buy  other  books  for  one  reason  or  an- 
other; he  may  even  buy  books  to  read;  but  that  is 
not  colle6ling  or  in  pursuance  of  the  colle6ling 
spirit. 

Your  great  colle6lor,  in  turn,  unfettered  by 
financial  considerations,  will  secure  every  prize 
within  the  range  of  his  passion,  long  sought  and 
long  desired,  no  matter  the  cost,  no  matter  the 
competitor.  "Only  very  rich  people  or  very  lucky 
people  can  make  up  a  cabinet  of  literary  jewels," 

C  20] 


Mr.  KELLEN'S  ADDRESS 

to  quote  again  from  Mr.  Lang.  Mr.  Brown  fortu- 
nately belonged  to  both  classes ;  he  was  fortunate 
in  having  comparatively  few  competitors  for  the 
books  he  decided  to  buy;  fortunate  in  the  agent  he 
secured  to  a6l  for  him  abroad,  the  main  source  of 
supply;  and  fortunate,  owing  to  the  state  of  the 
market,  in  being  able  to  make  his  money  go  a  long 
way.  He  began  by  colle6ling  specimens  of  the 
work  of  famous  typographers,  especially  the  books 
printed  by  the  famous  Aldine  family  of  Venice,  as 
well  as  books  about  American  history.  It  was  not 
long  before  he  limited  still  further  the  scope  of 
his  acquisitions  to  all  books  relating  to  the  history 
of  North  America  and  South  America  printed  be- 
fore the  year  1800,  and  nothing  was  allowed  to 
stand  in  the  way  of  the  fulfilment  of  this  decision. 
Said  Mr.  Brown,  on  one  occasion,  after  speaking 
of  his  hesitation  before  purchasing  from  his  bro- 
ther the  colle6lion  of  books  which  was  the  nucleus 
of  his  great  Library:  "After  I  had  made  up  my 
mind  to  go  on  with  the  acquisition  of  books  on 
American  history,  I  should  not  think  that  I  ever  lost 
a  book  which  I  wanted;  and  I  have  met  in  compe- 
tition Russian  princes  and  colle6lors  from  all  parts 
of  the  world." 

Adequately  to  describe  the  growth,  the  contents, 
and  the  use  hitherto  made  by  scholars,  of  this  won- 

C  21  ] 


JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 

derful  Library  would  require  many  periods  such  as 
that  allotted  for  this  purpose  to-day ;  I  can  merely 
tell  you  in  briefest  outline  what  the  Library  is,  and 
what  thus  far  it  has  done  for  International  Scholar- 
ship. 

John  Carter  Brown  set  about  his  self-imposed 
task  and  recreation  of  colle61ing  books  printed  in 
or  about  the  two  Americas  before  the  end  of  the 
eighteenth  century  with  zeal  and  shrewdness.  An 
expert  buyer  and  representative  abroad  was  of 
prime  importance,  and  Mr.  Brown,  with  as  rare 
good  sense  as  knowledge  of  chara6ler,sele6led  as 
such  agent  an  American  resident  in  London, an  ec- 
centric but  capable  bibliophile,  who  bought  books 
for  himself  and  for  such  of  his  compatriots  and 
others  as  might  choose  to  give  him  their  commis- 
sions. This  confidential  agent,  with  his  sturdy  if  not 
aggressive  Americanism,  usually  described  him- 
self as:  "Henry  Stevens,G. M.B."  (Green  Moun- 
tain Boy ) ,  or  as  "  Henry  Stevens  of  Vermont,  Bib- 
liographer and  Lover  of  Books,  Fellow  of  [va- 
rious learned  societies'^.  Black  Balled  Athenseum 
Club  of  London,  also  Patriarch  of  Skull  &  Bones 
of  Yale,  and  Member  of  \j)arious  historical  socie- 
ties'^, B.  A.  &  M.  A.  of  Yale  College,  as  well  as 
Citizen  of  Noviomagus,  et  cetera." 

How  competent  and  ta6lful  a  correspondent  and 

C    22    ] 


Mr.  KELLEN'S  ADDRESS 

agent  Mr.  Stevens  proved  himself  to  be  is  shown 
by  the  fa6l  that  he  a6led  in  those  capacities  ap- 
parently to  the  increasing  satisfaction  of  all  his 
principals,  John  Carter  Brown,  James  Lenox,  and 
other  American  colle6lors;  and  how  loyal  and 
trustworthy,  by  the  further  fa6l  that  he  served  the 
successive  owners  of  this  Library  faithfully  until 
the  day  of  his  death,  leaving  behind  him  a  son 
who  to-day  is  a6ling  with  equal  zeal  and  fidelity  in 
the  same  confidential  capacity.  Mr.  Stevens  relates 
that  in  pursuance  of  their  mutual  understanding 
Mr.  Brown  for  some  years  "enjoyed  the  first 
pick  "  of  the  books,  maps,  prints  and'  manuscripts 
colle6led  and  shipped  by  him  to  this  country ;  and 
Mr.  Brown's  wisdom  in  never  letting  a  book  es- 
cape him  when  once  he  had  decided  to  have  it, 
under  the  impression  so  frequently  a  delusion  that 
a  desired  book  might  sometime  turn  up  for  sale 
again,  is  emphasized  by  Mr.  Stevens's  further  tes- 
timony that  "the  world  outside  of  book-hunting 
may  smile  at  the  eagerness  for  the  first  choice, 
but  such  a  smile  of  pity  will  most  likely  vanish 
away  into  complaisance  on  becoming  acquainted 
with  the  fa6l  that  after  forty  years  in  sighting  and 
chasing  book-rarities,  I  found  that  a  very  large 
number  of  the  choicest  historical  and  bibliographi- 
cal nuggets  relating  to  the  *Age  of  Discovery,' 

C   23   ] 


JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 

with  the  exploration  and  development  of  the  New 
World,  occurred  but  once  in  my  time  in  the  mar- 
ket for  sale.  Happy  he,"  he  exclaims,  "  who  be- 
came the  winner  in  such  a  chase ! " 

One  illustration  will  suffice  of  the  wisdom  of  the 
course  pursued  by  Mr.  Brown,  and  of  the  expen- 
siveness  of  departing  from  it  when  special  circum- 
stances di6lated. 

Mr.  Brown  had  become  the  proud  possessor  of  a 
Columbus  Letter,  the  starting-point  of  his  beloved 
Bibliotheca  Americana,  but  his  possession,  alas, 
was  to  be  a  brief  one.  He  was  a  shrewd  merchant, 
a  keen  man  of  the  world,  as  incisive  as  modest,  and 
had  entered  the  world-lists  as  a  bidder  for  rare  and 
curious  books,  but  he  was  a  gentleman  first  of  all, 
— a  courteous,  high-bred  gentleman  of  the  elder 
school, — and  in  pursuance  of  what  he  thought  the 
occasion  demanded  he  let  that  ''Columbus"  go. 
The  description  of  this  occurrence  by  Mr.  Stevens 
is  at  once  chara6leristic  and  illuminating:  "Both 
Mr.  Brown  and  Mr.  Lenox,  my  two  chief  corre- 
spondents in  early  day  s,  were  exceedingly  sweet  on 
everything  relating  to  Columbus,  and  sometimes 
I  found  it  very  difficult  to  prevent  their  colliding. 
Mr.  Brown  had  the  start  and  secured  the  first 
choice  in  1845  and  1846.  ...  In  the  first  Libri  sale 
in  London  at  Sotheby's,  February  19, 1849,  there 

C  24  ] 


Mr.  KELLEN'S  ADDRESS 

occurred  a  copy  of  the  small  o6lavo  Latin  edition 
of  the  Columbus  Letter  in  eight  leaves  with  two 
leaves  for  the  cover  in  the  same  paper,  in  all  ten 
leaves, with  seven  different  wood-cuts.  Mr.  Brown 
ordered  the  lot  with  a  limit  of  twenty-five  guineas, 
and  Mr.  Lenox  of  twenty-five  pounds.  I  purchased 
it  for  sixteen  pounds  and  ten  shillings,  and  ac- 
cordingly sent  the  little  book  to  Mr.  John  Carter 
Brown.  Hitherto  in  cases  of  importance  Mr.  Lenox 
had  generally  been  successful  because  he  usually 
gave  the  highest  limit.  But  in  this  case  he  rebelled. 
He  wrote . . .  insisting  on  having  the  book  solely  on 
the  ground  that  it  went  under  his  limit.  At  length 
after  some  months  of  negotiation  Mr.  Brown, .  .  . 
very  kindly  to  relieve  me  of  the  dilemma,  sent  the 
book  to  Mr.  Lenox  without  a  word  of  comment 
or  explanation,  except  that  though  it  went  also  be- 
low his  higher  limit,  he  yielded  it  to  Mr.  Lenox 
'for  the  sake  of  peace.'"  Now^  for  the  sequel.  An- 
other copy  of  this  "Piftorial  Columbus"  did  not 
turn  up  for  more  than  a  generation,  and  then  I  be- 
lieve in  not  quite  the  same  condition.  Finally  Ste- 
vens got  a  copy  from  Olschki  of  Florence,  and 
John  Nicholas  Brown  instead  of  guineas  twenty- 
five  paid  many  times  that  amount  to  become  its 
possessor. 
For  over  forty  years  this  modest,  unobtrusive 

C  25  3 


JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 

American  gentleman  pursued  with  the  steadfast- 
ness of  purpose  and  with  the  liberality  of  a  great 
colle6lor  his  ambition  to  gather  together  on 
American  soil  for  the  use  of  scholarly  specialists 
everything  written  and  printed,  here  and  abroad, 
in  pre-nineteenth  century  times,  relating  to  the 
exploitation  and  development  of  this  vast  conti- 
nent. How  well  he  succeeded  may  be  divined  from 
even  the  most  cursory  examination  of  the  shelves 
in  the  Library's  new  building,  fit  abode  of  the 
"literary  gems''  it  contains.  Where  every  book  is 
priceless,  to  mention  one,  to  describe  a  few,  seems 
invidious  and  unfair,  but  time  presses,  and  this 
alone  is  possible. 

Christopher  Columbus,  the  great  Discoverer,  is 
represented  by  no  less  than  five  editions  of  his 
epoch-describing  letter,  including  the  pi6lorial 
copy  already  alluded  to, — all  printed  in  1493,  the 
memorable  year  of  his  return, — in  which  he  told 
Spain  and  the  mediaeval  world  that  he  had  discov- 
ered and  pressed  foot  upon  unknown  lands  across 
the  seas  to  the  westward.  Here  also  is  the  manu- 
script which  he  di6lated  in  Santo  Domingo  during 
his  third  voyage  to  the  New  World,  setting  forth 
his  claims,  his  rights,  and  his  privileges  as  its  dis- 
coverer. Grouped  with  the  Columbus  letters  will 
be  found  the  original  but  puzzling  editions  of  the 

C  26] 


Mr.  KELLEN'S  ADDRESS 

narratives  written  by  that  other  voyager,  Americus 
Vespucius,  alongside  whose  works  will  be  seen 
appropriately  placed  that  unpretentious  treatise  on 
geography,  the  Cosmographice  hitrodudiio,  printed 
at  St.  Die  in  the  Vosges  Mountains,  in  1507,  con- 
taining the  suggestion  for  the  first  time  advanced 
that  the  newly  found  Western  World  should  be 
called  "America."  Next  in  importance  come  the 
maps  and  geographies,  whose  name  is  legion.  The 
unique  and  admirable  colle6lion  of  Ptolemy's  Geo- 
graphies is  here  wellnigh  complete ;  beginning  with 
those  printed  at  Vicenza  in  1475,  at  Rome  in  1478 
and  at  Bologna  in  "1462,''  and  as  a  whole  con- 
taining within  their  time-stained  folios  the  records 
of  two  centuries  of  gradually  widening  geogra- 
phical knowledge.  In  the  edition  printed  at  Rome 
in  1 508  is  one  of  the  three  earliest  known  printed 
maps  showing  the  outlines  of  the  New  World, 
two  of  which  are  in  this  colle6lion.  In  the  manu- 
script Atlas  drawn  by  Vesconte  de  Maggiolo  in 
1 51 1  is  shown  his  notion  of  the  regions  newly  dis- 
covered across  the  tempestuous  Western  Ocean. 
The  superb  Spitzer  Atlas  challenges  our  admira- 
tion, drawn  by  one  of  the  greatest  of  miniature 
painters  at  the  behest  of  Charles  the  Fifth,  to  show 
his  son,  afterward  Philip  the  Second,  a  counterfeit 
presentment  of  his  coming  world-wide  dominion. 

C   27] 


JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 

The  copy  of  Doncker's  H^atter-World,  on  one 
of  whose  elaborately  coloured  leaves  the  word 
"Profedence"  appeared  for  the  first  time  on  a 
printed  map,  will  appeal  to  local  pride,  as  much 
as  the  produ6l  of  a  century  and  a  half  later,  a  fly- 
sheet  describing  the  lottery,  the  proceeds  of  which 
went  to  build  the  First  Baptist  Meeting-House, 
will  appeal  to  local  interest.  As  nearest  akin  to 
the  earliest  imprints  of  Americana  from  the  older 
world,  we  turn  naturally  to  the  produ6l  of  presses 
set  up  in  the  New  World  and  pouring  forth  edi- 
tions innumerable  a  half  century  or  more  before 
Captain  John  Smith  sailed  by  the  Capes  into  the 
Chesapeake,  or  the  Pilgrims  set  foot  upon  Ply- 
mouth Rock.  The  presses  of  Mexico  and  Peru, 
whose  output  of  American  Incunabula  between 
1 544  and  1 600  must  have  been  as  considerable  as 
notable,  are  represented  by  fifty  or  more  speci- 
mens upon  these  catholic  shelves.  How  remote 
those  times,  how  early  that  civilization,  one  bat- 
tered fragment  of  a  nameless  book — all  that  re- 
mains of  one  of  the  earliest  of  American  imprints 
issuing  from  the  press  in  the  City  of  Mexico,  pro- 
bably in  1547 — mutely  yet  eloquently  attests.  The 
Library  owes  this  unique  colle6lion  of  Mexican 
books  equally  to  the  thoughtfulness  and  liberality 
of  John  Nicholas  Brown  and  to  the  zeal  and  persist- 

c:  28  3 


Mr.  KELLEN'S  ADDRESS 

ency  of  his  accomplished  Librarian.  Alongside  this 
colle6lion  the  manuscript  records  for  two  hundred 
and  fifty  years  of  the  Franciscan  Order  in  Mexico 
naturally  place  themselves. 

The  scrawly  signature  here  preserved  of  Pere- 
grine White,  the  original  New-Englander  and 
firstborn  of  the  Pilgrims,  is  proof  that  New^  Eng- 
land is  settled ;  the  printing-press,  coincidently  set 
up,  is  proof  that  development  has  begun.  A  per- 
fe6t  copy  of  the  Bay  Psalm  Book,  a  rare  and  price- 
less example  of  the  first  work  of  the  first  printer 
in  English  America,  stands  upon  the  shelves  of  the 
John  Carter  Brown  Library  in  its  original  bind- 
ing,— Richard  Mather's  ov/n  copy,  himself  one  of 
the  compilers  and  translators,  bearing  his  signa- 
ture. From  him  it  passed  into  "  The  New  England 
Library,"  "begun  to  be  colle6led,"  so  runs  the 
printed  bookplate, "  by  Thomas  Prince  and  by  him 
deposited  in  Harvard  College,"  the  words  follow- 
ing, "to  be  kept  therein  forever,"  not  prevent- 
ing in  some  manner  to  the  deponent  unknown  its 
migration  from  the  borders  of  the  Charles  to  the 
banks  of  the  Seekonk. 

Roger  Williams  is  represented  by  his  "Key  into 
the  Languages  of  America,"  by  autograph  letters 
and  documents,  as  well  as  by  his  controversial 
tra6ts,chara6leristic  of  the  polemical  writing  of  the 

C   29] 


JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 

day,  such  as  "  George  Fox  digg'd  out  of  his  Bur- 
rows" and  "Hireling  Ministry  none  of  Christ's/' 
The  list  of  the  works  of  other  New  England 
worthies  is  exhaustive,  including  as  perhaps  the 
most  noteworthy  the  Eliot  Indian  Bibles  and  the 
Eliot  "Tra6ls."  To  the  north  of  New  England  the 
"Jesuit  Relations,'' — represented  here  by  a  re- 
markably fine  group, — and  the  writings  of  Cham- 
plain,  Lescarbot,  Sagard,  Le  Clercq,  Hennepin, 
Charlevoix,  tell  the  story  of  Canadian  settlement 
and  exploration.  In  material  relating  to  the  Colo- 
nies outside  New  England  this  Library  is  at  once 
rich  and  exceptional.  Here  are  to  be  found — to 
mention  only  rarities — the  unique  Seller's  map  of 
New  Jersey  and  the  equally  unique  Plan  pour  for- 
mer un  Estahlissement  en  Caroline,  the  earliest  re- 
cital concerning  the  region  to  the  southward  of  Vir- 
ginia. In  this  connexion  may  properly  be  men- 
tioned the  fifty  odd  autograph  letters  of  Washing- 
ton to  Joseph  Reed  and  the  forty  running  feet  of 
tiny  pamphlets  printed  during  or  near  the  time 
of  the  American  Revolution,  in  which  the  pam- 
phleteer carried  on  his  wordy  w^arfare  no  less  ef- 
fe6lively  and  patriotically,  it  may  be,  than  that 
waged  by  the  starving  heroes  of  Valley  Forge. 

It  were  tedious  as  well  as  needless  to  particular- 
ize further.  The  great  printers  from  Gutenberg, 

C  30  ] 


Mr.  KELLEN'S  ADDRESS 

Caxton,  Wynkyn  de  Worde,  Aldus,  Christophe 
Plantin,  Elzevir,  and  their  successors,  down  to  the 
Whittinghams  of  Chiswick,  De  Vinne  and  Updike, 
who  worthily  perpetuate  the  traditions  of  the 
printer's  art,  are  here  represented;  and  equally 
with  them  the  binders  from  Richenbach, — who  as 
early  as  1470  was  almost  the  first  to  put  his  name 
and  date  upon  the  beautiful  stamped  leather  with 
which  he  clothed  his  creations, — down  to  the  ex- 
quisite work  of  Cuzin  and  Mercier,  than  whom  the 
world  has  had  no  greater  masters  of  the  binders' 
art. 

The  John  Carter  Brown  Library  was  never  ad- 
ministered in  a  selfish  spirit.  These  riches  of  the 
printing-press  have  ever  been  accessible  to  the  ear- 
nest, competent,  and  properly  accredited  scholar 
and  student.  John  Carter  Brown  did  not  share  the 
feelings  of  that  college  librarian  who  said  he 
never  was  happy  except  in  vacation  time,  when  all 
the  books  were  back  again  unused  upon  their 
shelves  and  the  doors  locked,  for  then  he  said  he 
knew  where  the  books  were. 

The  Library  in  its  comfortable  setting  in  the  old 
homestead  on  Benefit  and  Power  streets  was  no 
mere  show-room.  In  the  conception  of  its  owner 
the  Library  was,  as  it  is  to  continue  to  be,  an  his- 
torical laboratory  in  the  modern  sense  of  that  word. 

c  31 3 


JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 

Rare,  irreplaceable  books,  unique  editions,  to  insure 
which  were  a  mockery,  were  sent  beyond  seas  to 
and  fro,  to  oblige  writers  who  might  better,  as  the 
old  Frenchman  said,  have  exposed  their  persons 
with  less  risk  to  the  good  of  mankind.  To  what 
other  incentive  than  a  desire  to  spread  broadcast 
a  beneficial  knowledge  of  this  Library  and  its  con- 
tents can  be  ascribed  the  preparation  and  publica- 
tion of  that  expensive  and  elaborate  piece  of  biblio- 
graphical work,  the  Catalogue  of  the  John  Carter 
Brown  Library,  begun  in  1865  but  not  fully  com- 
pleted until  1886,  for  gratuitous  distribution  to  in- 
dividuals and  libraries  on  both  sides  of  the  ocean, 
— a  work  that  did  but  emphasize  its  already  world- 
wide reputation? 

Historians  and  geographers  continually  give  ex- 
pression to  their  gratitude  and  indebtedness  to  this 
noble  colle61:ion,  as  the  Library  records,  prefaces 
in  learned  treatises  and  personal  letters  constantly 
testify.  George  Bancroft,  Justin  Winsor,  and  John 
Fiske  lead  the  band  of  American  scholars  in  testi- 
fying to  these  obligations. 

Professor  Lamont,  in  using  the  original  copy  in 
this  Library  of  Burke's  famous  speech  upon  Con- 
ciliation with  America  for  his  edition  of  that  great 
oration, and  Professor  Bronson,by  a  likeusein  pre- 
paring his  book  on  American  Literature,  but  fore- 

C  32  3 


Mr.  KELLEN'S  ADDRESS 

shadowed  the  closer  connexion  soon  to  exist  be- 
tween the  John  Carter  Brown  Library  and  Brown 
University. 

John  Carter  Brown,  who  had  followed  the  ex- 
ample of  his  father  in  making  during  his  lifetime 
large  gifts  of  books  in  English  and  Continental 
literature,  as  well  as  on  American  history,  to  the 
College  Library,  upon  his  death,  on  June  lo,  1874, 
again  followed  that  example  by  providing  in  his 
will  for  housing  it  in  a  new  library  building.  His 
private  Library  passed  to  his  wife,  who  during  the 
minority  of  their  two  sons,  John  Nicholas  Brown 
and  Harold  Brown,  administered  its  affairs  in  the 
same  broad  and  generous  spirit  which  had  charac- 
terized her  husband's  whole  career  as  a  colle6lor, 
and  in  pursuance  of  this  policy  she  added  to  the 
colle6lion  some  further  notable  examples  of  early 
typography  and  illuminated  manuscripts. 

When  John  Nicholas  Brown ,  who  was  born  on 
December  17, 1861,  reached  his  majority  in  1882, 
he  assumed  the  task  of  maintaining  and  still  fur- 
ther increasing  the  Library  along  the  lines  of  its 
natural  growth.  No  higher  praise  could  be  given 
him  than  by  saying  that  during  this  interim,  and 
without  the  spur  of  interest  resulting  from  abso- 
lute ownership,  he  disclosed  the  same  qualities  of 
literary  interest,  colle6ling  zeal,  and  devotion  to 

C   33  ] 


JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 

the  public  weal  that  had  charafterized  his  la- 
mented father  and  his  honoured  grandfather.  Fol- 
lowing the  latter's  example  in  helping  to  found 
what  was  in  his  day  to  all  intents  a  public  library, 
John  Nicholas  Brown  in  his  lifetime  made  provi- 
sion for  a  building  for  the  Providence  Public  Li- 
brary, in  so  liberal  a  spirit  and  with  such  success- 
ful archite6lural  result  as  to  have  reared  his  own 
monument,  as  enduringly  in  stone,  as  in  the  hearts 
of  his  fellow  citizens.  In  1 898  the  ownership  of  the 
John  Carter  Brown  Library  was  transferred  by 
his  mother  to  John  Nicholas  Brown,  the  transfer 
conveying  to  him  not  only  the  books  as  she  had 
received  them  from  his  father,  but  the  valuable  ad- 
ditions made  by  her  to  the  Library.  At  the  same 
time  his  younger  brother,  Harold  Brown,  signified 
his  intention  of  adding  to  the  colle6lion  his  own 
purchases  in  the  field  covered  by  the  Library,  these 
forming  in  themselves  a  noteworthy  sub-collec- 
tion. The  permanent  establishment  of  this  private 
Library  as  a  memorial  to  his  father,  and  its  con- 
secration to  American  scholarship,  was  assumed 
by  John  Nicholas  Brown  as  the  next  important  a6l 
of  his  life.  Towards  this  end,  while  occupied  con- 
stantly with  its  growth  and  increase,  he  caused  to 
be  made  through  the  keenest  archite6lural  com- 
petition adequate  and  sumptuous  plans  for  the  Li- 

c  34 :! 


Mr.  KELLEN'S  ADDRESS 

brary's  permanent  home.  Pending  the  building  of 
this  lasting  and  fitting  home  under  his  own  super- 
vision, and  pending  the  sele6lion  of  a  site  among 
the  many  personally  viewed  by  him,  with  the  cau- 
tion and  conservatism  ever  chara6leristic  of  him 
and  his  house,  he  made  a  will,  providing  for  the 
disposition  of  the  Library  in  case  of  his  demise,  pro- 
viding amply  for  a  house  of  its  own,  endowing  it 
most  generously  for  care,  as  well  as  for  use  and  for 
growth,  but  not  indicating  by  the  slightest  hint  the 
ultimate  ownership  he  would  prefer,  leaving  all  to 
the  wisdom  and  unfettered  discretion  of  his  trus- 
tees. He  died  on  May  i ,  1900,  worthy  son  of  the 
College  of  whose  class  of  1885  he  was  a  member, 
and  worthy  exponent  of  the  ideals  and  traditions 
which  he  had  inherited. 

How  conscientiously  and  worthily,  how  fully  to 
the  satisfa6lion  of  Rhode  Island  opinion,  the  trus- 
tees under  the  will  of  John  Nicholas  Brown  a6led 
in  the  discharge  of  their  high  trust,  in  sele6ling 
Brown  University  as  the  depositary  of  this  sacred 
memorial,  is  matter  of  recent  history,  and  needs  no 
recounting. 

The  Committee  of  Management  of  the  John 
Carter  Brown  Library,  appointed  by  the  Corpora- 
tion of  Brown  University  immediately  to  care  for 
this  princely  gift,  in  adopting  the  plans  carefully 

C  35  ] 


JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 

matured  by  John  Nicholas  Brown  for  the  proposed 
library  building,  and  in  sele6ling  the  site  for  the 
same,  were  guided  solely  by  a  desire  to  carry  out 
the  spirit  of  the  donor's  intention,  to  create  at  once 
a  lasting  memorial  to  the  founder  of  the  Library 
and  to  make  it  most  useful,  most  accessible  to  the 
scholar  and  the  specialist.  Their  a6lion  has  been 
confirmed  by  the  trustees  under  the  will  as  proper 
and  discreet,  and  by  the  community  as  wise  and 
judicious.  This  committee  has  besides  induced  gen- 
erously disposed  friends  of  this  Library  and  of  the 
College  to  advance  the  necessary  moneys  in  order 
that  there  might  be  no  break  in  the  continuity  of 
the  Library's  growth  by  a  failure  to  purchase  books 
which  in  all  likelihood,  judging  from  ripened  ex- 
perience, might  never  again  be  purchasable. 

I  think  I  may  venture  to  assert  that  in  this  broad 
and  liberal  spirit  will  this  great  trust  be  ever  ad- 
ministered. 

In  acquiring  increasingly  rare  and  increasingly 
costly  imprints  and  manuscripts,  in  offering  these 
treasures  of  literature,  these  surviving  records  of 
the  world's  advance,  to  the  aspiring  student  and 
the  earnest  seeker  after  historical  truth, — in  open- 
ing these  library  doors  to  the  widest  extent  com- 
patible with  the  safety  and  longevity  of  these  pre- 
cious transcripts  of  early  daring  and  adventure, 

C  36] 


Mr.  KELLEN'S  ADDRESS 

the  questions  ever  present  to  the  controlling  Col- 
lege mind  will  be:  Would  John  Carter  Brown 
have  allowed  this  rarity — needed  to  make  this  or 
that  department  unique — to  pass  into  the  hands  of 
a  rival  colle6lor?  Would  John  Nicholas  Brown 
have  turned  down  this  offer  because  of  the  mere 
dollars  or  guineas  involved  ? 

When  these  questions  have  once  been  answered 
in  the  negative,  nor  price,  nor  expense,  nor  any 
other  valuable  thing  will  be  allowed  to  stand  in  the 
way  of  adding  the  "  lot  offered''  to  this  matchless 
colle6lion.  Rare  books  offer  themselves  for  pur- 
chase to-day,  and  are  snapped  up  to-morrow.  In 
these  days  of  advance  sheets  of  catalogues  and  of 
cable  advices  from  alert  and  watchful  agents,  one 
may  not  loiter  along  the  streets  leading  to  the 
au6lion-room.  The  time-pressed  New-Yorker  or 
the  vigilant  Chicagoan  does  not  wait  upon  the  tor- 
toises of  the  colle6ting  guild. 

Four  generations  of  Browns  with  increasing  seri- 
ousness have  consecrated  their  talents  and  devoted 
their  worldly  goods  largely  to  furthering  the  pub- 
lic weal ;  four  generations  of  Browns  have  founded 
and  sustained  with  ever  increasing  altruism  church 
and  college, asylum  and  hospital;  great  merchants, 
they  have  been  greater  citizens ;  they  have  succes- 
sively exemplified  the  fine  old  title  "gentleman." 

C   37] 


JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 

This  father  and  this  son  stand  forth  preeminently, 
the  father  embodying  the  highest  type  of  Christian 
manhood ;  the  son,  the  completest  flower  of  Chris- 
tian civilization.  By  the  ennobling  pursuit  of  the 
elder  and  the  filial  devotion  of  the  younger,  the 
memory  of  each  will  survive  until  the  end  of  the 
race.  Whenever  above  the  portal  of  yonder  exqui- 
site memorial  one  shall  read  deep  graven  in  the 
stone  the  name  of  the  Founder  of  the  Library;  when- 
ever historical  learning  is  enriched  and  historic  truth 
is  emphasized  by  any  use  of  the  treasures  therein 
contained ;  wherever  appreciation  of  this  noble  gift 
is  felt  and  manifested,  with  the  memory  of  the  ven- 
erated father  will  ever  arise  the  sweet  personality 
of  the  devoted  son. 


C   38] 


ADDRESS 

BY 

Frederick  Jackson  Turner,  Ph.D. 

PROFESSOR  OF  AMERICAN  HISTORY 
UNIVERSITY  OF  WISCONSIN 


THE  HISTORICAL  LIBRARY  IN  THE 
UNIVERSITY 

WE  are  met  to  dedicate  a  beautiful  build- 
ing which  fitly  houses  one  of  the  most 
important  libraries  in  the  United  States, 
and  to  congratulate  this  University  that  the  John 
Carter  Brown  colle6lion  of  Americana  is  now  con- 
fided to  its  care. 

Its  "almost  unexampled  treasures,"  as  Justin 
Winsor  called  them, — and  in  many  respe61s  they 
are  absolutely  unrivalled, — are  what  give  distinc- 
tion to  this  Library.  Its  volumes  are  of  the  aristo- 
cracy of  American  histories,  the  eldest  settlers  and 
the  firstborn  of  the  noble  lineage  of  books  that 
preserve  the  priceless  record  of  the  first  three  cen- 
turies of  America.  No  one  but  the  colle61:or  who 
sends  his  agents  far  and  wide  with  eager  eye  for  the 
spoils  of  famous  libraries  brought  to  the  au6lion- 
block  and  for  stray  wanderers  in  old  shops,  and 
who  knows  how  keen  and  sharp  was  the  contest 
for  possession  of  each  of  these  gems,  can  appreciate 
what  it  meant  to  bring  together  into  such  a  noble 
assembly  this  elite  of  the  original  sources  with  all 
the  dignity  of  age  upon  them.  They  go  back  to 
the  very  dawn  of  printed  books,  and  may  well  be 
prized  for  their  distin6fion  as  early  examples  of 

C41    ] 


JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 

the  printer's  and  engraver's  art.  They  are  as  old 
as  the  first  discovery  of  this  continent. 

In  this  Library  are  many  books  which  have  seen 
four  centuries  of  American  history  pass  by.  Think 
of  the  dignity  of  such  a  book  as  Columbus's  own 
account  of  his  discovery !  The  shaggy  wilderness 
that  covered  the  United  States  when  this  piece  of 
paper  was  printed  has  been  conquered,  and  a  de- 
mocracy of  seventy  millions  of  people  has  arisen 
where  the  forest  was ;  the  economic  power  of  the 
United  States  now  triumphs  over  that  of  the  Old 
World,  and  captains  of  industries  that  have  arisen 
here  since  this  book  appeared  wield  wealth  and 
power  greater  than  the  wealth  and  power  of  the 
kings  of  the  days  of  Columbus. 

The  scope  of  the  John  Carter  Brown  Library  is 
limited  to  the  three  centuries  that  followed  the  dis- 
covery ;  but  what  centuries  they  were !  How  full 
of  meaning  for  the  future  of  the  race !  As  we  sur- 
vey the  ancient  volumes  that  preserve  the  original 
records  of  their  deeds,  how  like  the  portentous  fig- 
ures of  Michelangelo's  prophets  arises  the  band 
of  explorers  and  conquerors  whose  deeds  are  here 
rehearsed :  men  like  Columbus,  with  the  fire  of  the 
mediaeval  mystic  and  the  insatiable  questioning  of 
the  modern  man  of  science  in  his  seaward  gaze; 
like  Magellan,  daring  the  unending  watery  wastes 

[  42  :i 


Mr.  TURNER'S  ADDRESS 

that  rolled  in  mystery  around  the  globe ;  men  who, 
while  yet  the  sixteenth  century  was  young, steered 
their  boats  into  the  Ar6lic  ice;  courageous  men, 
with  the  gleam  before  them ;  men  who  ''  yearned 
beyond  the  sky  line  where  the  strange  roads  go 
down,"  and  whose  discoveries  gave  new  realms 
wherein  the  human  spirit  might  unfold  itself.  Nor 
is  it  only  the  pi61:ures  of  that  earliest  day  that  this 
Library  reveals.  For  here  we  have  the  records  of 
those  stout-hearted,  high-minded  men  who  in  the 
name  of  religion,  of  political  freedom,  of  adven- 
ture, or  of  the  hope  of  a  larger  life,  went  forth  in 
travail  and  suffering  to  possess  the  new  lands ;  and 
here  are  the  records  of  the  contest  of  the  nations 
for  its  vast  dominions,  the  conta6l  between  primi- 
tive men  of  the  stone  age  and  expanding  Europe, 
the  struggles  of  France  and  Spain  and  England  to 
dominate,  and  the  beginnings  of  a  United  States 
free  from  the  bondage  of  the  Old  World.  It  is  an 
age  of  idealism  whose  records  are  here  enshrined, 
well  worth  the  reading  of  the  man  of  to-day. 

Perhaps  it  was  not  only  the  fondness  for  history 
for  its  own  sake,  the  cultivated  taste  of  the  lover 
of  books,  that  led  this  family  for  four  generations 
to  colle6l  these  treasures.  In  the  story  of  Ameri- 
cus  Vespucius,  trained  in  the  business  of  the  Flo- 
rentine merchants,  the  Medici ;  in  the  records  of 

c  43  :i 


JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 

the  Welsers  and  the  Fuggers,  merchant  princes 
whose  hand,  like  Nuremberg's,  went  through 
every  land;  in  the  history  of  the  London  Company 
and  the  Dutch  West  India  Company,  there  was 
ample  material  to  interest  these  men,  who  them- 
selves opened  new  avenues  of  trade  between 
America  and  the  Orient,  whose  ships  sailed  every 
sea,  and  whose  investments  followed  in  the  trail  of 
the  pioneer  on  his  way  to  the  West.  Whatever  the 
motive,  scholars  the  world  over  have  occasion  to 
acknowledge  their  gratitude  that  this  Library  has 
been  colle61:ed  and  that  it  is  made  a  permanent 
possession  for  scholarship  by  resting  in  this  fire- 
proof home,  confided  to  the  guardianship  of  a  great 
University — a  possession  whose  value  increases  as 
the  years  go  on. 

This  Library  strikingly  illustrates  the  impor- 
tance of  the  private  colle6lor  in  the  scholar's  field. 
Great  public  institutions  can  do  much  to  gather 
books.  But  the  eager  populace,  clamouring  for  the 
products  of  the  unresting  presses,  do  not  leave 
them  in  possession  of  the  funds  which  enable 
agents  to  ransack  the  libraries  of  the  world  for  rare 
and  costly  editions,  indispensable  material  for  the 
critical  student.  No  ancient  monasteries, or  royal  or 
ducal  libraries,  preserve  for  us,  as  in  Europe,  the 
precious  manuscripts  or  printed  accounts  of  our 

C  44  ] 


Mr.  TURNER'S  ADDRESS 

early  age.  To  secure  these  must  be  the  work  of  the 
private  colle6lor.  Some  collectors  do  their  work 
solely  for  the  joy  and  the  pride  of  colle6ling, 
guarding  their  treasures  from  the  eyes  of  others. 
Scholarship  is  not  thus  assisted ;  and  the  usual  fate 
of  the  private  colle6lion  is  that,  on  the  death  of  its 
owner,  it  is  sent  to  the  au6lion-block  and  dis- 
persed among  other  colle6lions,  with  only  a  chance 
of  stray  volumes  finding  their  way  to  the  public 
libraries. 

But  colle6lors  like  the  Brown  family  are  great 
public  benefa6lors.  Their  Library  was  opened  to 
the  use  of  all  who  could  show  good  right  to  use  it, 
and  wherever  special  work  in  the  field  of  this  col- 
lection has  been  in  progress,  scholars  have  been 
prompt  to  express  their  appreciation  of  the  gener- 
osity of  its  owners.  And  now,  this  treasury  of 
Americana  is  ensured  against  being  scattered,  is 
placed  where  it  will  be  not  only  at  the  service  of 
scholars,  but  where  it  will  itself  stimulate  research 
and  multiply  investigators  in  the  bosom  of  this 
University. 

Brown  University  does  well  to  give  this  Library 
the  dignity  of  independence,  and  she  may  well  feel 
pride  in  its  possession,  for  it  ensures  the  faCt  that 
in  at  least  one  important  field  of  study,  scholars 
must  come  to  her  to  do  their  work ;  and  the  gather- 

:  45  n 


JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 

ing  of  scholars  is  the  surest  test  of  the  greatness 
of  the  university  as  distinguished  from  the  college. 
This  occasion  invites  a  brief  consideration  of  my 
theme,  The  Historical  Library  in  the  University. 
It  has  seemed  to  some  of  us  that  universities  in  this 
country,  with  all  their  wonderful  growth  in  num- 
bers of  students,  in  endowment,  in  the  material 
equipment  of  costly  buildings  and  expensive  appa- 
ratus, have  hardly  given  to  library  development 
the  attention  and  the  appropriations  that  are  de- 
manded. The  library  is  fundamental  in  every  uni- 
versity. It  is  the  clearing-house  of  scholarly  effort 
in  all  lines,  the  granary  of  all  the  harvests  of  past 
workers  in  the  field  of  knowledge.  In  the  sci- 
ences, much  can  be  done  with  the  laboratory  even 
though  unaccompanied  by  large  library  facilities; 
but  every  scientist  will  insist  that  he  needs  the  re- 
ports of  the  work  of  past  and  contemporaneous  in- 
vestigators, and  will  point  out  that  in  the  library  he 
must  find  the  printed  data  of  allied  sciences  if  he  is 
rightly  to  do  his  work.  And  if  the  library  is  im- 
portant for  the  natural  sciences,  it  is  the  very  con- 
dition of  the  existence  of  broad  and  deep  scholar- 
ship and  vitalizing  culture  in  the  other  realms  of 
university  activity.  In  the  humanities,  the  books  of 
the  library  are  at  once  the  colle6lions  of  raw  ma- 
terial, the  cabinet  of  specimens,  the  instruments 

C46] 


Mr.  TURNER'S  ADDRESS 

of  research,  the  record  of  investigations,  the  source 
of  stimulus  and  inspiration,  the  treasure-house  of 
learning  and  wisdom,  filled  from  all  the  lands  and 
all  the  ages.  In  a  word,  for  the  study  of  man  and 
his  life  in  society,  the  colle6lion  of  books  and 
manuscripts  is  both  laboratory  and  library.  It  is  al- 
most trite  to  state  this ;  but  if  any  one  will  take  the 
trouble  to  analyze  the  expenditures  of  a  dozen  of 
the  leading  universities  of  this  country,  noting 
how  the  outlay  for  books  compares  with  that  for 
buildings,  laboratories  and  apparatus,  not  to  speak 
of  the  expenditure  for  athletics,  he  will  be  doubtful 
whether  the  importance  of  the  library  is  as  well 
understood  in  pra6lice  as  it  is  in  theory.  The  yearly 
output  of  publication  essential  to  the  right  study  of 
all  the  great  fields  of  learning  is  so  large,  that  even 
to  keep  up  with  the  current  additions  requires  a 
much  larger  fund  than  most  universities  apply  to 
their  whole  library  budget.  In  speaking  particu- 
larly, therefore,  of  the  historical  library,  I  would 
by  no  means  have  it  understood  that  I  fail  to  real- 
ize that  for  a  complete  university  all  sides  of  the 
library  demand  development.  All  are  interrelated 
and  demand  sustenance. 

The  city  of  Providence  is  one  of  the  notable  li- 
brary centres  for  American  history  in  this  country. 
It  not  only  has  the  University  Library,  with  its  val- 

[47] 


JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 

uable  collections  in  the  Wheaton  library  of  Inter- 
national Law,  and  the  Metcalf  colle6lion  of  pam- 
phlets, to  which  is  now  added  this  chief  ornament, 
the  John  Carter  Brown  Library ;  but  also  the  Provi- 
dence Public  Library, with  its  special  historical  col- 
lections, the  Library  of  the  Rhode  Island  Historical 
Society, the  Athenseum, the  State  Law  Library, and 
the  State  Library. 

It  seems  certain,  therefore,  that  with  the  addi- 
tions to  these  collections  which  are  sure  to  be  made 
by  the  munificence  of  this  wealthy  and  intelligent 
community,  Brown  University  should  become  one 
of  the  most  important  centres  of  historical  study  in 
this  country. 

History  is  a  study  worthy  to  be  fostered.  It  lies  at 
the  foundation  of  all  the  social  studies,  both  in 
matter  and  in  method.  History  is  nothing  less  than 
the  study  by  which  the  present  age  attempts  to 
understand  itself  by  tracing  its  origins  from  the 
past  and  by  comprehending  how  deeply  the  past  is 
embedded  in  the  present. "  What,"  says  Frederick 
Harrison,  "is  this  unseen  power,  this  everlasting 
force,  which  controls  society  ?  It  is  the  past.  It  is 
the  accumulated  wills  and  works  of  all  mankind 
around  us  and  before  us.  It  is  civilization.  It  is  the 
power  which  to  understand  is  strength,  to  repudi- 
ate which  is  weakness.  Let  us  not  think  that  there 

C  48  ] 


Mr.  TURNER'S  ADDRESS 

can  be  any  real  progress  made  which  is  not  based 
on  a  sound  knowledge  of  the  living  institutions 
and  the  a6live  wants  of  mankind.  .  .  .  Nothing  but 
a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  social  system  based 
upon  regular  study  of  its  growth  can  give  us  the 
power  we  require  to  effe6l  it.  For  this  end  we  need 
one  thing  above  all — we  need  history;  hence  its 
preeminent  worth  in  social  education.'' 

Thus  conceived  as  the  effort  of  the  present  age  to 
understand  itself,  history  cannot  be  limited  to  any 
single  department  of  society.  It  has  been  defined 
as  "  past  politics."  But  it  is  more  than  this:  it  is  the 
study  of  all  the  lines  of  human  a6livity  and  social 
institutions  in  their  development.  Each  age  studies 
the  history  of  the  past  anew  with  reference  to  the 
conditions  which  dominate  its  interests.  The  his- 
torical method  has  been  used  to  reconstru6t  the 
study  of  economics ,  law ,  politics ,  art,  literature ,  lan- 
guage, religion.  Its  method  of  criticism  of  texts,  its 
synthesis  of  material,  the  data  which  it  supplies, 
are  fundamental  to  that  group  of  studies  of  so- 
ciety which  in  our  own  time  are  winning  so  large 
a  share  of  the  attention  once  concentrated  on  the 
classics. 

As  an  eminent  French  scholar  has  recently  said, 
''  In  the  nineteenth  century,  all  the  sciences  of  man 
have  thrown  oflp  the  a  priori  dogmatic  form  and 

c  49  :i 


JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 

have  taken  the  historical  form — in  place  of  the 
'general  grammar'  of  the  philosophers,  we  have 
the  history  of  language;  in  place  of  theology,  the 
history  of  religions ;  in  place  of  the  theory  of  law, 
the  history  of  law ;  in  place  of  speculations  on  the 
rational  foundations  of  society,  the  history  of  so- 
cieties.The  abstra6l  concept  of  being,  which  had  so 
long  paralyzed  thought,  has  been  replaced  by  the 
historical  concept  of  growth ;  and  thereby  all  the 
moral  sciences  have  been  regenerated." 

The  very  breadth  and  sweep  which  the  current 
of  historical  studies  has  acquired  in  our  own  day 
are  carrying  the  subje6l  far  away  from  the  sim- 
plicity of  the  early  narrative  history,  and  the 
stream  is  dividing  up  into  independent  channels  of 
a6livity.  It  is  not  impossible  that  in  some  future 
day  we  shall  speak  of  the  historical  group  of  studies 
and  classify  them  under  various  heads;  but  the 
historical  method  must  chara6lerize  them  all  and 
must  supply  a  large  part  of  their  data.  No  doubt  it 
is  a  realization  of  this  value  of  historical  study  and 
of  the  relation  that  it  bears  to  the  whole  group  of 
allied  subje6ls  which  in  part  explains  the  striking 
growth  of  interest  in  this  field  in  the  century  that 
has  passed. 

During  that  century  the  historical  method  ac- 
quired the  charadleristics  of  a  science,  whether 

c  50  ] 


Mr.  TURNER'S  ADDRESS 

history  itself  is  rightly  described  as  a  science  or 
not.  The  canons  of  criticism  and  interpretation  of 
documents  have  been  established,  the  principles 
of  historical  judgment  laid  down,  and  a  vast  mass 
of  material  prepared  for  the  hand  of  the  construc- 
tive historian.  The  comprehension  of  the  scope  of 
the  field  has  steadily  widened  with  the  increasing 
realization  that  rightly  to  understand  all  the  great 
interests  of  society,  each  must  be  traced  in  its 
growth,  and  with  the  increasing  perception  that  all 
are  interrelated.  When  our  own  democratic  time, 
for  example,  began  to  appreciate  how  deeply  in- 
dustrial life,  how  deeply  the  conditions  of  the  com- 
mon people,  afFe6l  the  evolution  of  a  nation,  the 
old  material  had  to  be  restudied,  archives,  mon- 
uments, remains,  had  to  be  reexamined,  and  new 
colle6lions  made,  to  permit  this  review  of  our 
growth.  So  it  must  continue  to  be,  and  herein  lies 
the  joy  of  the  work.  There  are  always  new  har- 
vests to  be  reaped.  Not  only  this,  but  the  com- 
prehension of  the  field  has  widened  with  the  con- 
quests which  civilization  has  made, and  is  still  mak- 
ing, over  the  remoter  continents.  As  the  old  East  is 
brought  within  the  circle  of  our  a6livity,  the  ori- 
gins of  its  peoples,  the  study  of  their  ideas  and  in- 
stitutions are  broadening  our  comprehension  of  the 
complexity  and  mystery  of  human  life.  And  as 

C   51    ] 


JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 

the  spade  of  the  archseologist  has  brought  to  view 
strata  beneath  strata  of  antiquity  with  inscrip- 
tions, sculpture,  archite6lure,  libraries,  and  all  the 
remains  of  thousands  of  years  of  a  past  remoter 
than  our  predecessors  even  imagined,  history  has 
lengthened,  the  horizon  line  of  the  past  has  re- 
ceded. 

Keeping  pace  with  this  increase  in  our  compre- 
hension of  the  immensity  of  the  field  has  been  the 
extraordinary  increase  in  associations  for  the  study 
of  the  past.  Societies  for  historical  study  exist  in 
almost  every  locality  in  civilized  lands.  National 
associations  for  every  department  of  historical  in- 
vestigation have  been  formed,  and  international  or- 
ganizations are  increasing.  Journals  and  reviews 
of  historical  study  have  been  multiplied.  More  and 
more  history  is  studied  and  written  by  the  coopera- 
tive efforts  of  associated  scholars.  So  great  are  the 
accumulations  of  the  workers  in  the  field  that  al- 
ready it  is  perceived  that  the  problem  of  sele6lion, 
and  the  question  of  the  aim  of  historical  study,  must 
be  considered  as  well  as  the  acquisition  of  mate- 
rial. Already  there  are  efforts  to  formulate  the  laws 
of  history  and  of  social  growth.  Fortunately  the 
human  soul  is  too  complex,  human  society  too  full 
of  vital  energy  and  incessant  change,  to  enable  us 
to  pluck  out  the  heart  of  its  mystery — to  reduce 


Mr.  TURNER^S  ADDRESS 

it  to  the  lines  of  an  exa6l  science  or  to  state  human 
development  in  the  terms  of  an  equation.  But  there 
can  be  little  doubt  that  as  history  takes  on  more 
and  more  the  form  of  a  study  of  society  rather  than 
the  narrative  of  individual  aftion  alone,  larger 
conceptions  of  what  it  is  best  worth  while  to  study, 
larger  formulation  of  the  conditions  of  develop- 
ment, will  result. 

The  question  of  the  utilization  of  the  historical  li- 
brary in  the  university  is  an  important  one.  Obvi- 
ously, such  a  library  serves  various  purposes.  Its 
first  and  most  general  use  is  that  of  a  colle6lion  of 
standard  works  and  sources  by  which  the  under- 
graduate student  shall  discipline  himself  in  histori- 
cal study.  The  older  days  of  history  teaching,  in 
which  a  few  text-books  and  the  le6lure  of  the  in- 
stru6lor  served  to  furnish  all  of  the  historical  in- 
formation desired, have  now  passed  away.  Even  for 
elementary  work,  the  advantages  of  a  large  and 
well  sele6led  library  are  apparent,  and  more  and 
more  even  elementary  work  demands  the  prepa- 
ration of  theses  and  topical  reports  which  give  the 
student  a  training  in  historical  inquiry  and  con- 
stru6lion.  As  the  work  advances,  the  importance  of 
the  library  increases,  and  the  student  passes  from 
the  use  of  secondary  material  to  the  larger  reli- 
ance upon  documents  and  other  original  sources. 

C  53  ] 


JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 

From  the  university  point  of  view,  this  is  the  prin- 
cipal use  of  the  general  library  in  history. 

But  we  have  particularly  to  deal  here,  not  with 
the  general  library,  but  with  a  very  special  col- 
le6lion.  What  use  can  Brown  University  make  of 
this  extraordinary  treasury  of  Americana,  which  is 
now  her  proud  possession  ?  How  can  she  show  her 
appreciation  of  it?  For  such  a  colle6lion,  the  only 
fitting  patronage  is  that  of  trained  scholars  of  the 
highest  type.  We  may  liken  the  general  Univer- 
sity Library  to  a  great  fa6lory  for  the  making  of  a 
higher  produ6l  of  general  intelligence,  hideed,  its 
resources  are  also  necessary  for  the  use  of  the  spe- 
cial scholar.  But  the  John  Carter  Brown  Library  is 
not  a  fa6lory ;  its  collections  are  not  for  the  gen- 
eral use.  It  may  be  likened,  rather,  to  the  private 
laboratory  of  a  great  investigator  in  science,  or 
to  the  atelier  of  a  creative  artist.  Just  as  in  the  glo- 
rious days  of  Florentine  art  the  studio  of  a  Leo- 
nardo was  the  home  of  a  sele6l  body  of  most  pro- 
mising artists,  and  from  it  came  out  the  creative 
produ6ls  of  a  genius  that  passed  beyond  the  old  or- 
der of  things  and  gave  new  insight  into  unknown 
fields  of  art,  so  a  special  colle6lion  like  this  should 
be  at  once  laboratory  and  artist's  studio,  where 
the  highest  scholarship,  the  greatest  erudition,  the 
finest  work  in  widening  the  bounds  of  historical 

C  54  ] 


Mr.  TURNER'S  ADDRESS 

knowledge  and  giving  new  outlooks  upon  the  life, 
the  institutions,  and  the  ideals  of  the  centuries 
which  it  covers  should  find  free  opportunity  for  ex- 
pression. 

In  other  words,  rightly  to  appreciate  the  John 
Carter  Brown  Library  demands  that  this  commu- 
nity rightly  appreciate  and  provide  for  the  support 
of  investigation  and  for  the  highest  type  of  scholar- 
ship. Its  scope,  indeed,  suggests  exploration  and 
discovery.  History  needs  its  Magellans.  It  is  a  strik- 
ing criticism  upon  the  American  universities  that 
the  greatest  historical  work  has  been  done  by  men 
outside  of  their  walls,  who  either  had  independent 
fortunes,  or  found  support  in  some  public  appoint- 
ment. Not  to  speak  of  the  older  literary  school, 
including  Prescott,  Irving,  and  Motley,  or  such 
past  leaders  as  Bancroft,  Hildreth,  and  Parkman, 
consider  the  significance  of  the  fa 61  that  Mr.  Henry 
Adams,  Captain  Mahan,  Mr.  Lea,  Mr.  Rhodes, 
Mr.  Fiske,  and  Mr.  Schouler  have  all  done  their 
work  independently  of  the  universities.  Certainly 
few  would  doubt  that  these  names  represent  the 
highest  achievements  of  American  historical  writ- 
ing. The  university  uses  the  historical  scholar  al- 
most exclusively  as  a  workman  in  its  fa61:ory  rather 
than  as  an  original  investigator  leading  a  band  of 
choice  spirits  in  a  special  library  to  the  conquest 

C  55  3 


JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 

of  new  fields  of  knowledge.  Or,  perhaps,  if  he  at- 
tains exceptional  distin6lion,  he  is  turned  aside  to 
the  honours  of  administration  in  a  deanship  or  a 
university  presidency.  The  most  usual  produ6ls  of 
his  busy  life  are  apt  to  be  a  few  special  mono- 
graphs and  a  high  school  text-book. 

Nobody  can  appreciate  the  work  of  the  teacher 
of  undergraduate  students,  the  builder  of  charac- 
ter among  young  men,  more  fully  than  I  do.  The 
great  body  of  the  students  must  always  constitute 
the  principal  care  of  the  university  and  of  its  teach- 
ing force.  But  surely  there  is  needed  fuller  reali- 
zation in  our  universities  of  the  fa6l  that  the  very 
centre  of  produ6live  power,  the  heart  that  sends 
the  life  blood  of  new  knowledge  through  the  insti- 
tution and  furnishes  stimulus  and  inspiration  to  its 
members,  is  the  creative  scholar  in  his  laboratory 
or  library.  His  work  it  is  that  keeps  learning  fresh 
and  living  at  its  fountain-head. 

Because  it  is  so  clear  that  with  the  rich  historical 
resources  of  the  libraries  of  this  city  and  with  the 
scholars  already  at  work  here.  Brown  University 
can  become  the  mother  of  a  long  line  of  historical 
scholars,  I  wish  to  urge  upon  this  audience  the 
greatness  of  the  opportunity  and  the  need  of  such 
provision  for  research,  fellowships  and  professor- 
ships, as  shall  recognize  the  importance  of  histori- 

C   B6  3 


Mr.  TURNER'S  ADDRESS 

cal  studies  in  this  University  and  the  value  of  the 
John  Carter  Brown  Library.  Every  gift  that  pro- 
motes historical  study  is  an  additional  safeguard 
for  conservatism  and  wisdom  in  dealing  with  the 
complex  and  threatening  social  problems  that  are 
presenting  themselves  to  the  twentieth  century. 
For  the  student  of  history  knows  that  while  society 
changes  and  rechanges  as  the  generations  come 
and  go,  and  while  the  order  of  things  of  to-day  will 
surely  be  changed  in  a  later  day,  yet  society  can 
never  break  completely  with  the  past.  Revolutions 
may  come  and  men  may  dream  of  reorganizing 
the  world  on  some  new  theory,  but  the  past  is  so 
stubborn  a  thing  that  much  of  it  flows  back  in  the 
old  channels.  History  is  the  minister  of  conserva- 
tive reform. 

Above  all,  it  is  important  that  the  ideals  of  a  com- 
munity shall  dominate  its  material  prosperity.  Such 
a  library  as  this  stands  as  an  indication  that  the 
higher  things  of  the  spirit  are  not  forgotten  in  the 
midst  of  great  riches.  So  long  as  wealth  shall  be 
devoted  to  the  cause  of  culture  and  of  higher  learn- 
ing, so  long  as  gifts  like  these  shall  be  made  to 
the  institutions  of  learning  in  its  midst.  Providence 
may  rightly  claim  a  distin6lion  beyond  the  output 
of  its  spindles.  And  whatever  is  expended  in  the 
cause  of  education  and  in  the  fostering  of  high 

c  57 : 


JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 

ideals  will  flow  back  through  the  community  in  a 
higher  recognition  of  civic  duty  and  of  the  means 
of  social  amelioration,  in  a  higher  allegiance  to 
truth,  to  beauty,  and  to  the  righteousness  that  ex- 
alteth  a  nation. 


L  58  3 


I 


THE  DEDICATION 


i 


THE  DEDICATION 

AT  the  close  of  these  addresses,  the  procession  re- 
-formed and  marched  to  the  Library  Building, 
where  the  prayer  of  dedication  was  offered  by  the  Right 
Reverend  JVilliam  Nelso7i  M^Fickar,  D.  D.,  Bishop 
of  Rhode  Island: 

Veace  be  to  this  house,  and  to  all  who  shall  seek  its 

courts. 

y  Our  help  is  in  the  Name  of  the  Lord. 

I^  Blessed  be  the  Name  of  the  Lord  henceforth, world 

without  e7id. 

Let  us  pray 

Our  Father,  who  art  in  heaven,  Hallozved  be  thy 
Name.  Thy  kingdom  come.  Thy  will  be  done  on  earth. 
As  it  is  in  heaven.  Give  us  this  day  our  daily  bread. 
And  forgive  us  our  trespasses.  As  we  forgive  those  who 
trespass  against  us.  And  lead  us  not  into  temptatio7i; 
But  deliver  us  from  evil.  Ame7i. 

T)irecl  us,  O  Lord,  in  all  our  doi7igs,  with  thy  most 
gracious  favour,  and  further  us  with  thy  continual 
help;  that  in  all  our  works  begun,  continued,  ande7ided 
in  thee,  we  may  glorify  thy  holy  Name,  andfi7ially, 
by  thy  7nercy,  obtain  everlasti7ig  life;  through  Jesus 
Christ  our  Lord.  Amen. 

[6'    ] 


JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 

Klmighty  and  everliving  God,  we yieldunto  thee  most 
high  praise  andhearty  thanks,  for  the  wonderful  grace 
and  virtue  declared  in  all  thy  saints,  who  have  been 
the  choice  vessels  of  thy  grace,  and  the  lights  of  the 
world  in  their  several  generations,  especially  those 
whom  we  commemorate  at  this  time;  most  humbly  be- 
seeching thee  to  give  us  grace  so  to  follow  the  example  of 
their  stedfastness  in  thy  faith, and  obedience  to  thy  holy 
commandments ,  that  at  the  day  of  the  general  Resur- 
reSiion ,  we,  with  all  those  who  are  of  the  mystical  body 
of  thy  Son, may  be  set  on  his  right  hand,  and  hear  that 
his  most  joyful  voice:  Come,  ye  blessed  of  my  Father, 
inherit  the  kingdom  prepared  for  you  from  the  foun- 
dation of  the  world.  Grant  this,  O  Father, for  Jesus 
Christ's  sake, our  only  Mediator  and  Advocate.  Amen. 

Almighty  God  and  heavejily  Father,  the  fountain  of 
all  wisdojn,  in  whose  light  alone  we  see  light;  Vouch- 
safe, we  beseech  thee,  thy  presence  and  blessing  to  us 
thy  servants,  who  are  met  here  to-day  to  dedicate  this 
house  and  its  contejits  to  thy  honour  and  the  welfare 
of  thy  childreii. 

Blessed  be  thy  Name  that  thou  hast  put  it  into  the 
hearts  of  thy  chosen  ones  to  appropriate  of  their  abun- 
dance to  this  high  service.  May  thy  choicest  benediction 
rest  upon  them  and  theirs;  and  upon  all,  who  in  days 

I    62    ] 


THE  DEDICATION 

to  come  shall  further  and  promote  their  gracious  pur- 
poses. A?id grant  that  all  those,  who  shall  enjoy  the 
benefits  of  their  labour, may  show  forth  their  thankful- 
ness and  appreciation  by  a  right  use  of  the  same.  May 
they  find  here  not  only  the  truth  and  wisdom  which 
man  has  written  on  the  pages  of  human  history  ,but  thee 
thyself,  in  all  the  workings  of  thy  wondrous  provi- 
dence and  grace;  and  going  forth  from  these  gates  may 
they  indeed  be  wiser,  nobler,  better  men,  equipped  and 
inspired  to  serve  thee  in  their  gerieration,  in  the  ser- 
vice of  their  fellowmen  and  in  the  building  up  of  thy 
kingdom  upon  earth. 

Bless  everywhere  the  schools  and  institutions  of 
learning,  especially  the  University  in  which  we  gather 
at  this  time.  Endue  its  teachers  and  officers  with  thy 
Holy  Spirit.  Enrich  them  with  thy  heavenly  grace. 
Replenish  them  with  that  wisdom  which  is  from  above. 
May  they  know  the  things  they  ought  to  do  and  have 
grace  and  power  faithfully  to  fulfil  the  same.  Grant 
to  the  students  under  their  care  that  teachableness  of 
temper  which  shall  dispose  their  minds  towards  sound 
learning  and  Christian  character.  Guard  them  from 
all  things  hurtful  both  to  body  and  soul.  Keep  them  true 
and  pure.  Nourish  themin  all  goodness ,  and  bring  them 
into  thine  everlasting  kingdom. 

C  63  ] 


JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 

Bless  our  land  and  people  in  the  midst  of  the  earth. 
Keep  them  ever  loyal  to  the  history  of  the  past,  and  to 
that  righteousness  which  exalte th  a  nation.  Make  our 
country  always  to  be  the  home  of  a  people  that  shall 
serve  thee  and  walk  in  thy  ways.  Preserve  it  under  thy 
good  providence,  an  ensign  to  the  nations  of  unity, 
peace  and  concord,  as  well  as  the  hope  and  refuge  of 
the  oppressed.  Prosper  everywhere  the  advance  and  es- 
tablishment of  truth  and  Justice,  religion  and  piety; 
and  make  thy  ways  known  upon  earth,  thy  saving 
health  unto  all  peoples. 

Into  thy  care  and  keeping  once  more  we  commit  this 
house  and  its  treasures.  May  thy  fatherly  hand  ever  be 
over  it.  May  thy  guiding  spirit  ever  attend  it,  and  may 
its  use  with  that  of  other  instrumentalities  of  thy  good 
providence  hasten  the  day  when  knowledge  shall  be 
increased,  and  thy  kingdom  shall  come,  and  thy  will 
be  done  on  earth  as  it  is  done  in  heaven;  all  which  we 
ask  in  the  name  of  Jesus  Christ  our  Lord.  Amen. 

The  Blessing  of  God  Almighty ,  the  Father,  Son  and 
Holy  Ghost,  be  and  remain  with  us  for  ever.  Amen. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  prayer,  John  Nicholas 
Brown,  the  infant  son  of  the  Testator,  born  Feb?ii- 
ary  21, 1900,  stepped  to  the  platform  and  presented 

c;  64 ;] 


THE  DEDICATION 

the  keys  of  the  building  to  the  President  of  the  Uni- 
versity. He  was  accompajiied  by  Robert  Hale  Ives 
Goddard,  who,  addressing  President  Faunce  on  be- 
half of  the  Trustees  under  the  will,  thus  formally  de- 
livered the  building  with  its  contents  into  the  keeping 
of  Brown  University: 
A  child  bearing  the  name  of  his  honoured  father  has 
presented  to  you  the  keys  of  this  building.  No  zuords 
of  mine  can  add  to  the  dignity  or  to  the  pathos  with 
which  this  simple  ceremony  is  invested.  Enclosed 
within  these  walls  is  a  matchless  collection — the 
harvest  of  centuries  of  learning  and  of  historical  re- 
search. The  books  which  here  have  their  abiding 
home  will  be  an  enduring  monument  to  the  patience, 
the  scholarship  and  the  enthusiasm  for  historical 
study  of  John  Carter  Brown  and  John  Nicholas 
Brown — father  and  son.  To  the  venerable  Univer- 
sity over  which  you  preside  we  entrust  the  treasures 
garnered  around  us. 

Hither  will  come  from  many  lands  the  historical 
student  to  drink  deep  from  the  springs  of  truth  and 
knowledge  whichwill flow  perennial  from  this  spot. 
It  is  to  the  enlightened  generosity  of  John  Nicholas 
Brown  that  the  University  owes  the  noble  distinSiion 
of  becoming  for  all  time  the  guardian  and  preserver 

[65  J 


JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 

"  of  these  stores  of  intelledlual  ivealth.  May  it  be  the 
"■  happy  privilege  of  yourself ,  sir,  a?idofyour  succes- 
"  sors  in  office  to  maintain  a  loyal  fidelity  to  the  ex- 
^^  pressed  wishes  of  him  whose  memory  we  gratefully 
"  and  reverently  and  lovingly  honour  to-day." 

President  Faunce  replied: 
"  From  you  J  sir,  representing  legally  the  trustees  of 
*'  the  John  Carter  Brown  Library , and  from  this  child, 
"  representing  in  name  and  lineage  the  last  owner  of 
"  the  Library, the  late  John  Nicholas  Brown ,  I  receive 
"  onbehalf of  the  Trustees  and  Fellows  of  Brown  Uni- 
"  versify  this  ufiique  and  spleiidid gift. 
"  This  building,  with  its  literary  treasures,  constitutes 
"  both  a  memorial  and  an  opportunity .  As  a  memorial 
"  to  the  founder,  and  to  him  whose  thoughtful  face 
"  looks  down  upon  us  from  these  walls  to-day,  it  shall 
"  stand  through  slow-revolving  centuries,  telling  all 
"  who  enter  of  a  family  which,  in  the  devotion  of  suc- 
"  cessive  generations  to  the  cause  of  education,  has  a 
**  record  without  parallel  in  America.  Every  detail  in 
*'  the  design  of  this  building  was  approved  by  John 
"  Nicholas  Brown,  every  book-shelf  was  determined 
"  in  size  and  shape  by  him,  every  room  is  the  shrine 
"  of  his  lofty  and  delicate  spirit.  The  University  has 
"  in  explicit  documents  agreed  forever  to  guard  this 

166  1, 


THE  DEDICATION 

*'  huilding  from  the  approach  of  other  strudlures,  to 
"  shield  it  from  alien  uses,  and  to  preserve  it  sacredly 
"  as  a  monument  to  the  man  who  once  studied  under 
"  these  elms,  and  who,  being  dead, yet  speaketh. 
"  To  the  two  trustees  under  the  will,  who  deliberately 
''  chose  this  University  as  custodian  of  these  treasures, 
"  we  desire  to  extend  our  acknowledgment  andgrati- 
"  tude.  Under  this  roof  we  gladly  receive  also  the  li- 
ii  i)yary  of  Harold  Brown,  that  the  two  collediions, 
"  like  their  owners,  may  not  be  divided. 
"  When  we  remember  how  other  buildings  across  the 
'*  sea  have  survived  dynasties  and  kingdoms  and  the 
"  migrations  of  races,  it  may  not  be  too  much  to  hope 
"  that  a  thousand  years  from  now  this  solid  structure 
"  may  still  remain  a  witness  to  the  immortality  of  a 
"  great  purpose  greatly  fulfilled. 
"  But  this  Library  is  also  a  sumrnons  and  opportunity. 
''  It  is  no  mere  exhibition  of  architeSlural  or  cesthetic 
"  achievement.  It  calls  us  to  research,  it  spreads  before 
"  us  a  feast  of  knowledge,  it  offers  to  qualified  stu- 
"  dents  such  facilities  for  the  study  of  the  early  history 
"  of  the  western  world  as  can  nowhere  else  be  found. 
"  Here  in  the  quiet  and  still  air  of  delightful  studies 
"  me7i  and  women  shall  zvorkyear  after  year,  tasting 
"  the  joy  of  those  who  know  the  causes  of  things,  and 

c  67 : 


JOHN  CARTER  BROWN  LIBRARY 

"  out  of  deep  understanding  of  the  past  drawing  wise 
"  counsels  for  the  future.  Each  university  is,  through 
''fortunate  circumstances  or  generous  gift,  especially 
"  qualifiedfor  advancedworkin  some  one  department. 
"  This  great  bequest  makes  it  possible  in  Brown  Uni- 
"  versity  to  pursue  with  extraordinary  advantage  the 
"  study  of  the  origins  of  American  civilization. 
''And  thisfaSi  means  a  responsibility  which  we  rev- 
"  erently  and  loyally  assume.  To  preserve  these  books 
"  inviolate,  to  transmit  them  to  posterity,  to  secure 
"  their  highest  use  to  the  world  of  scholarship, becomes 
"  our  sacred  duty.  We  who  now  hold  responsible  posi- 
"  tion  will  soon  pass,  other  voices  will  he  heard  here, 
"  and  other  ha?ids  hold  these  keys.  But  the  great  obli- 
"  gation  will  remain,  the  duty  become  more  sacred — 
"  to  use  this  great  and  growing  colledlion  ofAmeri- 
"  cana  in  the  spirit  of  him  who  gave  it,  and  to  hold  it 
"  in  trust  for  the  generations  that  follow." 

After  the  exercises  at  the  Library  Building,  Mrs. 
John  Nicholas  Brown  received  the  guests  of  the  occa- 
sion at  her  house  on  Brown  Street.  In  the  evening  the 
visitijig  delegates  from  other  colleges  and  universities 
were  entertahied  at  dinner  at  the  University  Club  of 
Providence.  William  Goddard,  LL.D.,  the  Chancel- 
lor of  the  University ,  presided,  and  President  Faunce, 

[68   •} 


I 


THE  DEDICATION 

Chief  Justice  John  Henry  StinesSj  LL.D.;  Edwin 
Cortlandt  Bolles,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  English  and 
American  History,  Tufts  College;  George  Parker 
JVinship,  Librarian  of  the  Johfi  Carter  B?'ow?i  Li- 
brary; Stephen  Ostrom  Edwards,  of  the  Committee 
of  Management;  Francis  Almon  Gaskill,  LL.D., 
of  the  Board  of  Fellows;  Samuel  Coffin  Eastman, 
LL.  B .,  President  of  the  New  Hanipshire  Historical 
Society;  and  William  MacDonald,  LL.D.,  Profes- 
sor of  History,  made  brief  addresses. 


DATE  DUE 

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